Category Archives: Admixture - Page 4

Pan-Asian Admixture Results

Posted by on April 3, 2012 1 comment

I ran Reference 3 based supervised ADMIXTURE on the HUGO Pan-Asian dataset. While it used only 5,400 SNPs, it did get me curious about any relationship between Onge and Jehai and Kensiu. Unfortunately, Pan-Asian data doesn't have a good overlap even with Reich et al. So as a first exercise, I decided to run unsupervised ADMIXTURE on the Pan-Asian dataset by itself.

Here are the bar charts for the admixture results. K=12 ancestral components had the lowest cross-validation error.

You can see these results in a spreadsheet too.

South Asian fineStructure Ref3 Admixture

Posted by on March 27, 2012 1 comment

I was wondering what the admixture patterns of the clusters fineSTRUCTURE computed were for my South Asian run. So I computed the average admixture for each cluster (total: 89) using reference 3 admixture results.

The default order of the clusters is to keep the closer clusters together.

Harappa Oracle

Posted by on March 23, 2012 15 comments

Based on the Dodecad Oracle, here is Harappa Oracle using reference 3 admixture results.

I am using Dienekes' code with a couple of changes. One of them is using weighted distance based on Fst divergences between ancestral components. Because of that it is several times slower than DodecadOracle. I plan to offer an option soon to switch between Euclidean distance and Fst-weighted distance.

You need to install R to use it. Then unzip the Oracle zip file. Double-click on the file or use the following in R:

load('HarappaOracleR3fst.RData')

In R, you can look at the 385 populations included by typing:

X[,1]

To use it to find your closest populations, you need your Harappa Reference 3 admixture results. Use them separated by commas like this (for me):

HarappaOracle(c(44,12,0,24,14,1,2,0,0,1,2))

You will get a result, with the first column showing the closest populations and the 2nd column their distance to you.

[,1] [,2]
[1,] "balochi" "8.0242"
[2,] "bene-israel" "9.2843"
[3,] "brahui" "9.5158"
[4,] "pathan" "9.7034"
[5,] "makrani" "10.1014"
[6,] "sindhi" "10.9236"
[7,] "Bhatia" "11.8441"
[8,] "Sindhi" "12.1704"
[9,] "Kashmiri" "13.4229"
[10,] "punjabi-arain" "13.9192"

You can also find out the closest populations to one of the reference populations:

HarappaOracle("punjabi-arain")

By default, the Oracle shows the 10 closest populations. You can change that:

HarappaOracle("punjabi-arain",k=20)

Also, by default, the Oracle excludes the Pan-Asian dataset since the overlap is only 5,400 SNPs. You can include Pan-Asian populations:

HarappaOracle("punjabi-arain",panasian=T)

There is also a mixed mode where the individual (or mean reference population) is compared against all pairs of populations as ancestors.

HarappaOracle("Haryana Jatt",mixedmode=T)

which has the following output:

[1,] "Haryana Jatt" "0"
[2,] "15.4% lithuanians + 84.6% Punjabi Brahmin" "1.9553"
[3,] "10.6% russian + 89.4% Rajasthani Brahmin" "2.0626"
[4,] "14.7% finnish + 85.3% Punjabi Brahmin" "2.0863"
[5,] "9.2% finnish + 90.8% Rajasthani Brahmin" "2.1142"
[6,] "89.4% Rajasthani Brahmin + 10.6% mordovians" "2.1727"
[7,] "9.6% lithuanians + 90.4% Rajasthani Brahmin" "2.1989"
[8,] "10.1% belorussian + 89.9% Rajasthani Brahmin" "2.2938"
[9,] "16.8% russian + 83.2% Punjabi Brahmin" "2.3015"
[10,] "16.2% belorussian + 83.8% Punjabi Brahmin" "2.3656"

You can of course combine any or all of the options.

Think of Harappa Oracle as a tool to help you interpret your admixture results by comparing who you are closest to. Do not think of it as giving you your real ancestry.

Ref3 Admixture Dendrograms

Posted by on March 19, 2012 5 comments

I have posted the reference 3 K=11 admixture results for all populations and datasets. Here are the relevant links:

So let's try a dendrogram of all these populations' average admixture results. Instead of using regular Euclidean distance, I used some weighting based on Fst distances between admixture components, very similar to what Palisto did.

Here's a dendrogram of all datasets using complete linkage.

Since the Pan-Asian dataset had only 5,400 SNPs common with reference 3, we need to be careful interpreting the tree above. Just to make sure, here's the dendrogram excluding Pan-Asian populations.

Henn Ref3 K=11 Admixture

Posted by on March 16, 2012 5 comments

There have been two Henn et al papers since I started this project.

  1. Hunter-gatherer genomic diversity suggests a southern African origin for modern humans by Brenna M. Henn, Christopher R. Gignoux, Matthew Jobin, Julie M. Granka, J. M. Macpherson, Jeffrey M. Kidd, Laura Rodríguez-Botigué, Sohini Ramachandran, Lawrence Hon, Abra Brisbin, Alice A. Lin, Peter A. Underhill, David Comas, Kenneth K. Kidd, Paul J. Norman, Peter Parham, Carlos D. Bustamante, Joanna L. Mountain, and Marcus W. Feldman
  2. Genomic Ancestry of North Africans Supports Back-to-Africa Migrations by Brenna M. Henn, Laura R. Botigué, Simon Gravel, Wei Wang, Abra Brisbin, Jake K. Byrnes, Karima Fadhlaoui-Zid, Pierre A. Zalloua, Andres Moreno-Estrada, Jaume Bertranpetit, Carlos D. Bustamante, David Comas

The data for both is available online:

I ran reference 3 K=11 admixture on these datasets using about 48,000 SNPs.

Here is the spreadsheet with the Henn group averages for reference 3 admixture at K=11 ancestral components.

Note that the Sandawe, Hadza and San from Henn2011 were already included in Reference 3 and are not listed here.

Pan-Asian Ref3 K=11 Admixture

Posted by on March 13, 2012 9 comments

The HUGO Pan-Asian dataset covers South and East Asia with the following South Asian populations:

  • 23 Andhra Pradesh & Karnataka
  • 10 Bengali
  • 23 Bhil (Rajasthan)
  • 20 Haryana
  • 23 Kashmir Spiti
  • 12 Marathi
  • 12 Rajasthani
  • 30 Singapore Indian
  • 20 Uttaranchal
  • 13 Uttar Pradesh

Unfortunately, they do not specify ethnic or caste background for most Indian groups. Instead, their focus is on Mongoloid/Caucasoid/Australoid etc.

Also, the SNP overlap with other datasets is really small. Therefore, this reference 3 admixture run was done using only 5,400 SNPs. I recommend a big bucket of salt when interpreting these results.

Here is the spreadsheet with the Pan-Asian group averages for reference 3 admixture at K=11 ancestral components.

Xing Ref3 Admixture South Asians

Posted by on March 10, 2012 44 comments

As per AV's comment, here are the individual results for Xing et al South Asians.

Simonson Tibet Dataset

Posted by on March 7, 2012 6 comments

Recently, I discovered that the paper Genetic Evidence for High-Altitude Adaptation in Tibet by Tatum S. Simonson, Yingzhong Yang, Chad D. Huff, Haixia Yun, Ga Qin, David J. Witherspoon, Zhenzhong Bai, Felipe R. Lorenzo, Jinchuan Xing, Lynn B. Jorde, Josef T. Prchal, RiLi Ge has its genotyping data online.

It contains 31 Tibetans from Madou county in Qinghai province. The chip is Affymetrix and there are 868,146 SNPs, which means it has a good overlap with Reich et al and Xing et al and also with my reference 3.

I ran reference 3 K=11 admixture on this dataset. Here are the individual results:

The average is as follows:

S Asian E Asian Siberian
1% 84% 14%

Xing Ref3 K=11 Admixture

Posted by on February 27, 2012 11 comments

Xing et al dataset is interesting because it has a number of South Asian populations:

  • 25 Andhra Pradesh Brahmin
  • 10 Andhra Pradesh Madiga
  • 11 Andhra Pradesh Mala
  • 22 Irula
  • 25 Nepalese
  • 25 Punjabi Arain
  • 14 Tamil Nadu Brahmin
  • 12 Tamil Nadu Dalit

Unfortunately, the dataset does not have a lot of common SNPs with 23andme, FTDNA and the other data I am using.

However, I did run a reference 3 admixture on Xing data using about 30,000 SNPs. Since this is a lot less than the usual 118,000 SNPs, the noise levels are much larger.

Here is the spreadsheet with the Xing group averages for reference 3 admixture at K=11 ancestral components.

Hodoglugil Dataset

Posted by on February 24, 2012 9 comments

Dr. Mahley was nice enough to share his Turkish and Kyrgyz dataset from the paper Turkish Population Structure and Genetic Ancestry Reveal Relatedness among Eurasian Populations by UÄŸur HodoÄŸlugil and Robert W. Mahley.

It has:

  • 16 Kyrgyz from Bishkek
  • 20 Turks from Aydin
  • 20 Turks from Istanbul
  • 23 Turks from Kayseri

Here are the group averages for the reference 3 K=11 admixture analysis.

And here are the individual results.